The gold standard for any such proof is a multi-centric, randomized, placebo controlled intervention study of 30 years duration. But that is hardly something that any producer can afford or wait for. Therefore it is accepted scientific practice to look for the change of certain effect-specific bio-markers, which would make it credible, that a desired Health Effect has been triggered by the consumption of a given Nutraceutical (Excample: Reducing ones usual output of F2-isoprostanes after consumption of vitamin C is accepted as a proof for antioxidative effect of vitamin C). That approach is widely accepted by EFSA. One single individual bio-marker -when measured in vivo from probands - is accepted to represent sufficiently the complex reactions in the human body. An alternative approach is favoured by us: Test in vitro the multitude of reactions which human organ cells can show when put into contact with the active molecules of an ingredient– and calculate in silico from those test results the reaction of the whole body to the active molecules in question. We consider this procedure “measure in vitro on cell basis and simulate in silico the whole body (in vitro: cell, in silico: body)” as equally if not more credible as the reliance on one single bio-marker measured over short term in vivo.